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Which disease is treated with drugs to have similar structure to DNA nucleotide?


A Malaria
B HIV
C Tuberculosis (TB)
D Sickle cell anaemia

I chose D as the answer. I think that since sickle-cells are caused by gene mutation, so by means using DNA nucleotide drugs to treat it will be more reasonable?

I'm not sure with the other choices. So what's your answer and explanation then?

Thanks in advance.

B HIV

Nucleoside & nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI, NtRTI) inhibit reverse transcription by being incorporated into the newly synthesized viral DNA and preventing its further elongation.

The mode of action of NRTIs and NtRTIs is essentially the same; they are analogues of the naturally occurring deoxynucleotides needed to synthesize the viral DNA and they compete with the natural deoxynucleotides for incorporation into the growing viral DNA chain. However, unlike the natural deoxynucleotides substrates, NRTIs and NtRTIs lack a 3'-hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose moiety. As a result, following incorporation of an NRTI or an NtRTI, the next incoming deoxynucleotide cannot form the next 5'-3' phosphodiester bond needed to extend the DNA chain. Thus, when an NRTI or NtRTI is incorporated, viral DNA synthesis is halted, a process known as chain termination. All NRTIs and NtRTIs are classified as competitive substrate inhibitors.

.......

The gene that causes red blood cells to sickle was identified more than 40 years ago. Researchers are looking at two methods of using that knowledge for gene therapy:

-take out some of the person's cells, "fix" the defective gene, and put it back in the bone marrow so that only the correct version of the gene will be made.
-figure out how to "turn off" the defective gene and "turn on" another gene that makes healthy hemoglobin.
Neither method has been demonstrated to be clinically applicable thus far.

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