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What is the infection cycle of a DNA virus from attachment to lysis?...?


PLEASE HELP ME!! 10 POINTS FOR BEST ANSWER!
I've been working all afternoon, and still can't solve.

(a) Describe and explain the observed results
(c) Describe how genome of a retrovirus like HIV becomes incorporated into the genome of the host cell.

HERE IS THE LINK:


http://www.collegeboard.com/prod_downloa...

a) It appears as if, when the virus was added, it resulted in an exponential decline in the bacteria population and an exponential increase in the virus population due to the lytic cycle (in which the virus reproduces by killing the host bacteria). However, after a certain time, the virus lost its ability to destroy the bacteria. This may have occurred for a variety of reasons. First, the viral DNA may have entered the bacteria genome and is dormant (lysogenic cycle). Second, the bacteria may have evolved by natural selection. Those bacteria resistant to the virus, whether it be by restriction enzymes or another means, survived and the viral population can no longer reproduce as rapidly, causing its population to level off.
b) The protein capsid attaches to the host cell, releasing its DNA. The DNA may enter the host DNA as a prophage, entering the lysogenic cycle. Eventually, the viral DNA exits the host chromosome, and enters the lytic cycle. In the lytic cycle, the viral DNA uses host cell machinery (RNA polymerase, tRNA, etc..) to produce an mRNA transcript and eventually viral proteins that form the capsid for new viruses. The DNA is copied with DNA polymerase, and the newly formed viruses burst the host cell, killing it and releasing new viral copies to infect other cells.
c) HIV is a retrovirus that carries RNA as its genetic material. The protein capsid binds to the host cell, and releases its RNA along with an enzyme called reverse transcriptase. This enzyme is used to use the RNA as a template for creating a complementary DNA sequence. This DNA then enters the bacterial genome as a provirus and remains dormant. The DNA is then transcribed from time to time, and produces viral proteins.

The main approach in these problems is not to be intimidated. They are really asking for you to demonstrate a general understanding of viruses for each part, with subtle differences. Hope this helps, good luck!

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