A. is a member of the herpesvirus family
B. disables the immune function of the CD4 T cellls
C. attacks B-cells
D. has been a source of human infection for over 200 years E. NONE OF THE ABOVE
what is hiv?
No laboratory has ever obtained an undisputed sample of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), despite countless attempts. Most laboratories, clinics and medical corporations have come to accept indirect signs, or 'markers', such as antibody reactions, proteins, genetic fragments, 'virus-like' particles, enzymes - that could suggest a virus but also other things - as proving the presence and existence of an 'HIV'.
In 1984 some signs suggesting a possible new virus were detected in cell cultures by the scientific teams of Frenchman Luc Montagnier in Paris, and American Robert Gallo in Washington, who were trying to explain a single cause for 'AIDS'. The French called their findings Lymphadenopathy Associated Virus (LAV), the Americans called theirs Human T-cell Lymphotrophic Virus III (HTLV-III). The US Government announced at a press conference in 1984 that a new virus was "the probable cause of AIDS," yet before any scientific papers inviting peer scrutiny were published. When such papers appeared in Science some weeks later, a dispute erupted between Montagnier and Gallo. Gallo was found guilty of scientific misconduct by a Senate Ethics Committee, for misappropriating material and photographs of 'virus- like' particles from the French. Because of the financial stakes - Gallo and the US government applied for a patent for tests for 'HIV' the day of the press conference - the matter was eventually solved only by a closed meeting between the scientists which produced an official history of events, and a meeting between the US and French Presidents.
However, neither Gallo nor Montagnier ever managed to purify samples of the virus they claimed to have detected. Many scientists believe that without fulfiling this traditional primary requirement of virus isolation, multiple confusions at the molecular biological level are inevitable over what or whether anything has actually been found. To this day, primary purification of 'HIV' has never been achieved. The last attempts, published in 1997 in Virology, revealed proteins and genetic fragments from microvesicles - sub-cell particles - but no virus.
hiv antibody tests
INDEX OF ARTICLES, PAPERS
http://www.healtoronto.com/hivtest.html
Over the years of the HIV/AIDS theory, different types of test have been used to try to detect such a virus in patients. These have included (1) antibody tests, which look for a reaction in a person's blood between their natural antibodies and synthetic proteins said to belong to HIV, and (2) Polymerase Chain Reaction - PCR - or 'viral load' genetic tests, which purport to use part of the virus' genetic code to detect its presence.
All these tests are indirect, or surrogate. They do not claim to detect any whole virus. Rather, they use markers to infer whether a virus might be present. Unfortunately for the accuracy of these tests, these same markers can be found in a variety of non-HIV situations. No HIV test of any kind has ever been validated against the one measure that is not indirect - the gold standard: physical virus isolation. This is because isolation of HIV by the previously conventional standards of viral isolation has never been achieved, despite numerous attempts.
Of the antibody tests for HIV, there are two main types - called ELISA, and Western Blot. Neither was designed especially for HIV, but are examples of laboratory methodologies used in many investigations. Around the world many companies market their versions of the ELISA and Western Blot antibody tests for HIV.
However, the uncertain, unvalidated nature of these tests is reflected in the product literature supplied by their manufacturers.
A typical example for the ELISA reads:
"At present there is no recognised standard for establishing the presence or absence of antibodies to HIV-1 and HIV-2 in human blood." - Axsym System, Abbott Laboratories
A typical example for the Western Blot reads:
"Do not use this kit as the sole basis of diagnosis of HIV-1 infection." - Epitope, Organon Teknika
Neither Isolation Nor Validation
Any scientist who declares that a genetic sequence, moreover a genetic sequence arrived at by human concensus, represents a naturally occuring virus, has compromised their scientific integrity. To further suggest that this genetic sequence represents a competent, exogenous,
sexually transmitted and indeed pathogenic retrovirus is to enter the realms of pseudo-science. Without HIV isolation all is mere speculation.
"Of course we looked for it [HIV]... We saw some particles but they did not have the morphology [shape] typical of retroviruses. ... I repeat we did not purify."
~ Dr. Luc Montagnier, the "discoverer of HIV"
(see French transcript of quote from the interview http://healtoronto.com/lmfrench.html , Did Luc Montagnier Discover HIV? http://www.virusmyth.net/aids/data/dtint...
or video)
"No one believed we really had that many isolates... No one believed we really meant that..."
~ Dr. Robert Gallo, also discovered "HIV"
(see Gallo Investigated http://healtoronto.com/galloindex.html)
'viral load' / PCR test
Polymerase Chain Reaction - PCR - or the 'viral load' test, purports to detect, and quantify, blood-borne HIV in patients. However, the genetic fragments it amplifies have never been proved to originate in HIV, or in any virus. The accuracy of PCR viral load is estimated by leading doctors at plus or minus 300% - i.e. a reading of 90,000 could be 30,000 or 270,000!
The PCR was not invented for HIV. Its Nobel Prizewinning inventor, Dr Kary Mullis, calls the use of PCR in AIDS medicine, "a tragedy in the practice of Western medicine" and a "viral load of crap."
The uncertain unvalidated nature of the PCR for HIV is reflected in the product literature supplied by manufacturers. A typical example reads:
"The Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor test is not intended to be used as a screening test for HIV or as a diagnostic test to confirm the presence of HIV infection." - Roche, Amplicor
VIRAL LOAD OF WHAT?
http://www.virusmyth.net/aids/data/chjpp... It disables the immune function of the CD4 T cells. When you turn in your homework, you'd better tell the teacher who gave you each answer.
Aren't you just the slightest bit embarrassed by all this? E.. All of the above. E. Don't go to Haiti |
