how long the hiv infection(microbs) stay on needle, on ordinary needle that is used for clothes.i think may be that needle went to the body of infected person and then to another's, does it have any risk? HIV the virus that causes AIDS, is a blood and body-fluid exchanged virus. As for your question, the HIV virus does not survive outside of a host very long.for example, if a drop of blood from a person infected withHIV drips onto the floor, the virus will die when the blood dries.It cannot survive and you could not be infected if you accidentally touched that blood. Other viruses, such as Hepatitis C, CAN survive outside a host so if that person's blood drips on the floor and it dries and sits there and you touch it you do run the risk of infection. I dont know specific numbers or times for it, but if that needle was very recently exposed to an infected persons body fluid or blood, there is a risk. Either way I'd voice concern and get tested regardless. Better safe than sorry! you need see a DR
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition in humans in which the immune system begins to fail, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections. Previous names for the virus include human T-lymphotropic virus-III (HTLV-III), lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV), or AIDS-associated retrovirus (ARV).[1][2]
Infection with HIV occurs by the transfer of blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre-ejaculate, or breast milk. Within these bodily fluids, HIV is present as both free virus particles and virus within infected immune cells. The four major routes of transmission are unprotected sexual intercourse, contaminated needles, and transmission from an infected mother to her baby at birth, or through breast milk. Screening of blood products for HIV in the developed world has largely eliminated transmission through blood transfusions or infected blood products in these countries.
HIV infection in humans is now pandemic. As of January 2006, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the World Health Organization (WHO) estimate that AIDS has killed more than 25 million people since it was first recognized on December 1, 1981, making it one of the most destructive pandemics in recorded history. In 2005 alone, AIDS claimed an estimated 2.4鈥?.3 million lives, of which more than 570,000 were children. It is estimated that about 0.6% of the world's living population is infected with HIV.[3] A third of these deaths are occurring in sub-Saharan Africa, retarding economic growth and increasing poverty.[4] According to current estimates, HIV is set to infect 90 million people in Africa, resulting in a minimum estimate of 18 million orphans.[5] Antiretroviral treatment reduces both the mortality and the morbidity of HIV infection, but routine access to antiretroviral medication is not available in all countries.[6]
HIV primarily infects vital cells in the human immune system such as helper T cells (specifically CD4+ T cells), macrophages and dendritic cells. HIV infection leads to low levels of CD4+ T cells through three main mechanisms: firstly, direct viral killing of infected cells; secondly, increased rates of apoptosis in infected cells; and thirdly, killing of infected CD4+ T cells by CD8 cytotoxic lymphocytes that recognize infected cells. When CD4+ T cell numbers decline below a critical level, cell-mediated immunity is lost, and the body becomes progressively more susceptible to opportunistic infections. If untreated, eventually most HIV-infected individuals develop AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) and die; however about one in ten remains healthy for many years, with no noticeable symptoms.[7] Treatment with anti-retrovirals, where available, increases the life expectancy of people infected with HIV. It is hoped that current and future treatments may allow HIV-infected individuals to achieve a life expectancy approaching that of the general public (see Treatment).
Contents [hide]
1 Origin and discovery
2 Classification
3 Early history
4 Transmission
5 Structure and genome
6 Tropism
7 Replication cycle
7.1 Entry to the cell
7.2 Replication and transcription
7.3 Assembly and release
8 Genetic variability
9 The clinical course of infection
10 HIV test
11 Treatment
12 Epidemiology
13 Alternative hypotheses
14 Notes and references
15 External links
Origin and discovery
See AIDS origin.
Classification
HIV was classified as a member of the genus Lentivirus,[8] part of the family of Retroviridae.[9] Lentiviruses have many common morphologies and biological properties. Many species are infected by lentiviruses, which are characteristically responsible for long-duration illnesses with a long incubation period.[10] Lentiviruses are transmitted as single-stranded, positive-sense, enveloped RNA viruses. Upon entry of the target cell, the viral RNA genome is converted to double-stranded DNA by a virally encoded reverse transcriptase that is present in the virus particle. This viral DNA is then integrated into the cellular DNA by a virally encoded integrase so that the genome can be transcribed. Once the virus has infected the cell, two pathways are possible: either the virus becomes latent and the infected cell continues to function, or the virus becomes active and replicates, and a large number of virus particles are liberated that can then infect other cells.
Two species of HIV infect humans: HIV-1 and HIV-2.
HIV-1 is thought to have originated in southern Cameroon after jumping from wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) to humans during the twentieth century.[11][12] HIV-1 is the virus that was initially discovered and termed LAV.
HIV-2 may have originated from the Sooty Mangabey (Cercocebus atys), an Old World monkey of Guinea-Bissau, Gabon, and Cameroon.[13] HIV-1 is more virulent. It is easily transmitted and is the cause of the majority of HIV infections globally. HIV-2 is less transmittable and is largely confined to West Africa.[13]
Early history
See AIDS origin#History of known cases and spread for early cases of HIV / AIDS.
Transmission
For more details on this topic, see AIDS transmission and prevention
you need to go to Dr some free yes risk hiv needle |
