My husband and I and our 10 month old son just moved into his parents house with them and two of his brothers. One of his brothers found out 3 months ago he has HIV and is getting no treatment for it. He helps with the baby a lot and I'm scared my family is at risk of catching it. Anybody have any advice?Thanks! HIV is not transmitted by day-to-day contact in the workplace, schools, or social settings. HIV is not transmitted through shaking hands, hugging, or a casual kiss. You cannot become infected from a toilet seat, a drinking fountain, a door knob, dishes, drinking glasses, food, or pets.
These are the most common ways that HIV is transmitted from one person to another:
* by having sex (anal, vaginal, or oral) with an HIV-infected person;
* by sharing needles or injection equipment with an injection drug user who is infected with HIV; or
* from HIV-infected women to their babies before or during birth, or through breast-feeding after birth.
HIV can enter the body through a vein (e.g., injection drug use), the lining of the anus or rectum, the lining of the vagina and/or cervix, the opening to the penis, the mouth, other mucous membranes (e.g., eyes or inside of the nose), or cuts and sores. Intact, healthy skin is an excellent barrier against HIV and other viruses and bacteria. HIV can only be transmitted via blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk. You can only receive the virus by letting an open wound come into contact with one of the above, using a needle to inject yourself that has been reused, or through intercourse.
You have nothing to worry about. well its not contagious, its only contagious thru blood and seamen, he can only give it to yall if u a bunch of incest redneck freaks no you family not at risk you can dr
Topic Overview
What is HIV? What is AIDS?
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks the immune system, the body鈥檚 natural defense system. Without a strong immune system, the body has trouble fighting off disease. Both the virus and the infection it causes are called HIV.
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White blood cells are an important part of the immune system. HIV invades and destroys certain white blood cells called CD4+ cells. If too many CD4+ cells are destroyed, the body can no longer defend itself against infection.
The last stage of HIV infection is AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). People with AIDS have a low number of CD4+ cells and get infections or cancers that rarely occur in healthy people. These can be deadly.
But having HIV does not mean you have AIDS. Even without treatment, it takes a long time for HIV to progress to AIDS鈥攗sually 10 to 12 years. If HIV is diagnosed before it becomes AIDS, medicines can slow or stop the damage to the immune system. With treatment, many people with HIV are able to live long and active lives.
What causes HIV?
HIV infection is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus. You can get HIV from contact with infected blood, semen, or vaginal fluids.
Most people get the virus by having unprotected sex with someone who has HIV.
Another common way of getting the virus is by sharing drug needles with someone who is infected with HIV.
The virus can also be passed from a mother to her baby during pregnancy, birth, or breast-feeding.
HIV doesn't survive well outside the body. So it cannot be spread by casual contact such as kissing or sharing drinking glasses with an infected person.
What are the symptoms?
HIV may not cause symptoms early on. People who do have symptoms may mistake them for the flu or mono. Common early symptoms include:
Fever.
Sore throat.
Headache.
Muscle aches and joint pain.
Swollen glands (swollen lymph nodes).
Skin rash.
Symptoms may appear from a few days to several weeks after a person is first infected. The early symptoms usually go away within 2 to 3 weeks.
After the early symptoms go away, an infected person may not have symptoms again for many years. But during this time, the virus continues to grow in the body and attack the immune system. After a certain point, symptoms reappear and then remain. These symptoms usually include:
Swollen lymph nodes.
Extreme tiredness.
Weight loss.
Fever.
Night sweats.
A doctor may suspect HIV if these symptoms last and no other cause can be found.
How is HIV diagnosed?
The only way to know for sure if you have HIV is to get a blood test. If you have been exposed to HIV, your immune system will make antibodies to try to destroy the virus. Blood tests can find these antibodies in your blood.
Most doctors use two blood tests, called the ELISA and the Western blot assay. If the first ELISA is positive (meaning that HIV antibodies are found), the blood sample is tested again. If the second test is positive, the doctor will do a Western blot to be sure.
It may take as long as 6 months for HIV antibodies to show up in a blood sample. If you think you have been exposed to HIV but you test negative for it:
Get tested again in 6 months to be sure you are not infected.
Meanwhile, take steps to prevent the spread of the virus. If you are infected, you can still pass HIV to another person during this time.
Some people are afraid to be tested for HIV. But if there is any chance you could be infected, it is very important to find out. HIV can be treated. Getting early treatment can slow down the virus and help you stay healthy.
You can get HIV testing in most doctors鈥?offices, public health clinics, hospitals, and Planned Parenthood clinics. You can also buy a home HIV test kit in a drugstore or by mail order. But be very careful to choose only a test that has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). If a home test is positive, see a doctor to have the result confirmed and to find out what to do next.
How is it treated?
The standard treatment for HIV is a combination of medicines called highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Antiretroviral medicines slow the rate at which the virus multiplies. Taking these medicines can reduce the amount of virus in your body and help you stay healthy.
It may not be easy to decide the best time to start treatment. There are pros and cons to taking HAART before you have symptoms. Discuss these with your doctor so you understand your choices.
To find out how much damage HIV has done to your immune system, a doctor will do two tests:
CD4+ cell count, which shows how well your immune system is working.
Viral load, which shows the amount of virus in your blood.
If you have no symptoms and your CD4+ cell count is at a healthy level, you may not need treatment yet. Your doctor will repeat the tests on a regular basis to see how you are doing. If you have symptoms, you should consider starting treatment, whatever your CD4+ count is.
After you start treatment, it is important to take your medicines exactly as directed by your doctor. When treatment doesn't work, it is often because HIV has become resistant to the medicine. This can happen if you don't take your medicines correctly. Ask your doctor if you have questions about your treatment.
Treatment has become much easier to follow over the past few years. New combination medicines include two or three different medicines in one pill. Many people with HIV get the treatment they need by taking just one or two pills a day.
To stay as healthy as possible during treatment:
Don't smoke. People with HIV are more likely to have a heart attack or get lung cancer.1, 2 Smoking can increase these risks even more.
Eat a healthy, balanced diet to keep your immune system strong.
Get regular exercise to reduce stress and improve the quality of your life.
Don't use illegal drugs, and limit your use of alcohol.
Learn all you can about HIV so you can take an active role in your treatment. Your doctor can help you understand HIV and how best to treat it. Also, consider joining an HIV support group. Support groups can be a great place to share information and emotions about HIV infection.
How can you prevent HIV?
HIV can be spread by people who don't know they are infected. To protect yourself and others:
Practice safe sex. Use a condom every time you have sex (including oral sex) until you are sure you and your partner are not infected with HIV.
Don't have more than one sex partner at a time. The safest sex is with one partner who has sex only with you.
Talk to your partner before you have sex the first time. Find out if he or she is at risk for HIV. Get tested together and retested 6 months later. Use condoms in the meantime.
Don't drink a lot of alcohol or use illegal drugs before sex. You might let down your guard and not practice safe sex.
Don't share personal items, such as toothbrushes or razors.
Never share needles or syringes with anyone.
Frequently Asked Questions
Learning about HIV:
What is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection?
What causes HIV?
What is acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?
What are the symptoms of HIV?
Can I prevent HIV?
What increases my risk for developing HIV?
Who is affected by HIV and AIDS?
Can a test find HIV infection early?
Being diagnosed:
How is HIV diagnosed?
Who can diagnose HIV?
Getting treatment:
How is HIV treated?
What is highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)?
Should I start antiretroviral medicines for HIV infection even though I have no symptoms?
Living with HIV:
What steps can I take to maintain my health?
When should I call a health professional?
How can I learn to take antiretroviral therapy for HIV on schedule?
What do I need to know about caring for my loved one with HIV?
Author: Maria G. Essig, MS, ELS Medical Review: Adam Husney, MD - Family Medicine
Peter Shalit, MD, PhD - Internal Medicine
Last Updated: 06/06/2007
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This information is not intended to replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise disclaims any liability for the decisions you make based on this information. For more information, click here. Privacy Policy. How this information was developed.
Additional Information
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection - Exams and TestsHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection - Home Treatment
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Prevention I would recommend investing in a proper first aid kit and a box of latex gloves. There is no social risk at all, but if he does seriously hurt himself you won't be able to help him. So latex gloves would be a good think to keep handy. Not a real worry, I can't remember the last time I cut myself and drew blood, but accidents do happen. As for casually, there is little to no risk at all. You need direct blood or fluid exchenges. The medical research seems to show there is no substantial risk, but the trouble is that the fear of it is probably ruining your life and no one can really say that there is no risk at all. However, there are far more contagious diseases, for example Hepatitis B and C, that are often found in person infected with HIV. Why should it affect you and your family?
Are you going to be having sex with your brother in law? No. Will you be sharing needles with him? No.
Keep in mind though, if your brother does cut himself and there is blood, make sure you use gloves. Other than that, you can share cutlery, plates, etc without the fear of being infected. |
