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Ap biology questions?


**All of the following correctly describe the fate of the embryonic layers of a vertebrate EXCEPT:
a..neural tube and epidermis develop from ectoderm
b..linings of the digestive organs and lungs develop from endoderm
c..notochord and kidneys develop from endoderm
d..skeletal muscles and heart valves develop from mesoderm
e..reproductive organs and blood vessels develop from mesoderm

(i think its c, but im not sure)

**which of the following is most effective in lowering the body temperature of a mammal?
a..erection of the fur
b..involuntary contraction of skeletal muslces
c..increased epinephrine (adrenaline) secretion
d..increased flow of blood to the skin
e..increased metabolic activity

(i think its either d or e but im not too sure)

**in humans, the HIV virus primarily attacks which of the following types of cells?
a..epidermal cells
b..red blood cells
c..white blood cells
d..glial cells
e..neurons

(i think its c or d but im not too sure)

1) C - notochord and kidneys develop from endoderm

Endoderm "forms the epithelial lining of the whole of the digestive tube except part of the mouth, pharynx and the terminal part of the rectum (which are lined by involutions of the ectoderm), the lining cells of all the glands which open into the digestive tube, including those of the liver and pancreas, the epithelium of the auditory tube and tympanic cavity, of the trachea, bronchi, and alveoli of the lungs, of the urinary bladder and part of the urethra, and that which lines the follicles of the thyroid gland and thymus."

2) D increase flow of blood to the skin

"Dilated blood vessels increase perfusion and heat loss while constricted vessels greatly reduce cutaneous blood flow and conserve heat."

3) C- White blood cells

"HIV primarily infects vital cells in the human immune system such as helper T cells (specifically CD4+ T cells), macrophages, and dendritic cells." -which are mainly white blood cells

1)C - kidneys develop from the mesoderm
2)D - not sure why but its def not A, B or E
3)C - white blood cells = defense system

im in biology too, but ill try to help.

1) B
2) C or D
3) C

K the last one is c but I don't know any of the others.

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